How do I know if my dog or cat is in pain—and what pet parents can do next

If your pet isn't acting like themselves, it’s hard not to worry. They can’t tell you with words what hurts, but you know something's not right.

The good news: your pet’s body language is easier to read than you think. Once you know what to look for, you can better decide what’s safe to monitor at home and when it’s time to seek urgent care. 

Understanding the signs your dog or cat is in pain

Pain in pets doesn’t always look dramatic. In fact, it’s often the opposite. 

Why do dogs and cats hide discomfort?

Many dogs and especially cats instinctively hide signs of pain. In the wild, showing weakness can make them vulnerable. Even though your home is their safe place, that instinct to protect themselves is strong. 

That’s why changes in their behavior can seem subtle. What looks like “just being a little off” can actually be your pet trying to cope.

Subtle vs. obvious behaviors to watch for  

Some signs are easy to spot, like limping or crying. Others are quieter or easier to write off: 

• Sleeping more than usual  

• Avoiding stairs or jumping  

• Acting withdrawn or less social  

• Small changes in routine or habits  

You know your pet best. Keep an eye on the behaviors that have you asking yourself, “Is this something, or is it nothing?”  

Common signs your dog or cat may be in pain

Pain in pets can show up in a few key ways. Looking at patterns — not just one symptom — can help you decide what to do next. 

Changes in movement, posture, or mobility

• Limping or favoring a leg  

• Stiffness, especially after rest  

• Reluctance to jump, run, or climb  

• Hunched posture or difficulty getting comfortable 

These signs are often linked to joint pain, injuries like CCL tears, or underlying conditions such as arthritis. 

Altered behavior, mood, or social interaction

• Increased irritability or aggression  

• Hiding or avoiding interaction  

• Clinginess or unusual neediness  

• Less interest in play  

Behavior changes are one of the most important — and most frequently overlooked — signs of pain.

Appetite, grooming, and litter box or toileting changes 

• Eating less or skipping meals  

• Overgrooming or not grooming at all (especially in cats)  

• Accidents in the house or avoiding the litter box  

• Straining or difficulty going potty 

These changes can be linked to a variety of underlying issues, including dental pain, gastrointestinal problems, or discomfort that makes eating, grooming, or using the bathroom difficult. 

How do dogs and cats show pain differently? 

Every pet expresses pain differently. Knowing how different pet species express pain and how your pet typically acts day-to-day can help you spot signs of pain early. 

What are the typical pain responses in dogs? 

Dogs tend to be more expressive than cats but can still be stoic in their pain. You might notice: 

• Whining, whimpering, or barking  

• Limping or visible discomfort  

• Changes in activity level  

• Seeking more attention — or avoiding it  

What are the typical pain responses in cats? 

Cats tend to be much more subtle than dogs in their expression of pain. Look for these signs: 

• Hiding or isolating themselves  

• Reduced grooming or a messy coat  

• Less jumping or climbing  

• Quiet withdrawal rather than vocalizing  
  
  

Possible causes of pain in pets  

Pain can come from a wide range of issues, from minor to more serious.

Acute issues: injuries, infections, sudden illness

• Sprains or fractures  

• Cuts, bites, or trauma  

• Ear infections or dental problems  

• Stomach upset or blockages  

• Urinary issues (especially in cats) 

These tend to come on quickly and may worsen without care. 

Chronic causes: arthritis, dental disease, GI problems

• Joint pain or arthritis  

• Ongoing dental disease  

• Chronic digestive issues 

These often develop gradually, making them easier to miss at first. 

Age-related conditions in senior pets

As pets age, pain becomes more common. Slowing down isn’t always “just aging” — but it can be something we can help manage. 

What can pet parents do at home?

If you’re noticing signs of pain, it’s natural to want to help right away. Some steps are safe — others can make things worse. 

Safe comfort measures you can try

• Let your pet rest and limit activity  

• Provide a soft, supportive place to lie down  

• Keep food, water, and litter boxes easily accessible 

Mild signs of pain can be monitored closely over 24–48 hours, while more severe signs require prompt veterinary attention. Small adjustments can make a big difference while you figure out next steps. 

What should I not do without veterinary guidance?

• Don’t give human pain medications (many are toxic to pets)  

• Don’t assume it will resolve on its own if symptoms persist  

• Don’t push activity if your pet is reluctant 

When in doubt, it’s always safer to check with your vet. 

When is it time to schedule a visit or seek urgent care for my pet? 

You should seek care if your pet: 

• Is crying, shaking, or unable to get comfortable  

• Stops eating or drinking  

• Has trouble walking or standing  

• Shows sudden or severe behavior changes  

• Isn’t improving after 24–48 hours 

If something feels urgent, trust that instinct. Getting answers sooner can prevent things from getting worse. Give your local Lovet a call and we can help determine whether you need to come in. 

At Lovet, we make it easier to act quickly with same-day appointments with limited walk-ins available daily, easy online scheduling, and flexible payment options — so you don’t have to wait and worry. 

Pet pain symptom FAQs

How do I know if my dog’s pain is serious? 

If the pain is sudden, severe, or affecting your dog’s ability to eat, move, or rest comfortably, it’s time to seek care. Ongoing or worsening symptoms should also be checked. 

Do cats hide pain more than dogs?

Yes. Cats are much more likely to hide discomfort, which is why small behavior changes — like hiding or reduced activity — are important to catch early. 

Can I give my pet anything for pain at home?

Avoid giving any medication without guidance from a veterinarian. Many human medications are unsafe for pets. 

When should I seek urgent care?

Seek urgent care if symptoms are severe, sudden, or not improving within a day or two. If you’re unsure, it’s always okay to get a professional opinion. 

DISCLAIMER: Not intended to be a substitute for professional veterinarian advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the advice of your veterinarian with any questions you may have regarding the medical condition of your pet. If you think your pet has a medical emergency, call or visit your veterinarian or your local veterinary emergency hospital immediately.